USA 1968-2012: Opportunity and Challenge
ICSE · Class 12 · History
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What does the term 'imperial presidency' mean in the context of Nixon's years in office?
Answer
It means a period when presidential power became very concentrated in the hands of the president and his close aides. Under Nixon, the White House gained exceptional power, but this also encouraged se…
Why did Nixon first rise to national attention?
Answer
Three important factors helped his rise: military service, the Cold War climate, and the Alger Hiss case. Alger Hiss was accused in 1948 of passing sensitive material to the Russians, and that trial b…
What happened in the 1952 Eisenhower-Nixon election?
Answer
The Eisenhower-Nixon ticket won all but nine states in 1952. This strong victory gave Nixon valuable national experience as Vice President and helped build his political reputation.
Why was the 1968 election a major turning point?
Answer
Johnson announced in March 1968 that he would not stand for re-election, which opened the race. Nixon won 301 electoral votes to Humphrey's 191, and both candidates received over 31 million popular vo…
Who were the main figures linked to the 1968 Democratic crisis?
Answer
Robert Kennedy won the California primary in June 1968 but was assassinated the same day by Sirhan Sirhan. George Wallace also ran on a pro-segregation American Independent Party ticket. These events …
What was the busing programme?
Answer
The busing programme was a policy for racial desegregation in schools. Pupils were moved from neighbourhood schools to schools in other areas to achieve a racial balance. It became a major issue in th…
What did Alexander v. Holmes (1969) mean for school desegregation?
Answer
It was a Supreme Court ruling against Nixon's delay of school desegregation. The decision pushed school systems to move faster and showed that judicial authority could override presidential attempts t…
How did Nixon's personal views on race differ from the actual desegregation outcome under his administration?
Answer
Nixon personally opposed busing and wrote that 'segregated white education is probably superior to education in which there is too great a degree of integration of inferior black students with the whi…
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