Continuing communism, collapse and aftermath, 1953 to the present — Flashcards
ICSE · Class 12 · History
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What changed in the Soviet Union after Stalin died in 1953?
Answer
Power was no longer held by one obvious dictator. Leading members of the Party shared power at first, and Nikita Khrushchev gradually emerged as the dominant leader. This began the de-Stalinization ph…
Who was Lavrenti Beria, and what happened to him after Stalin’s death?
Answer
Lavrenti Beria was the chief of the secret police. He was executed after Stalin’s death, probably because other leaders feared he might turn against them.
Why did Georgy Malenkov lose power?
Answer
Georgy Malenkov became chairman of the Council of Ministers after Stalin, but he resigned in 1955 after disagreeing with Khrushchev on industrial policy. Unlike Beria, he was not executed or imprisone…
What was the significance of Khrushchev’s secret speech in February 1956?
Answer
Khrushchev delivered his secret speech at the Twentieth Communist Party Congress in February 1956. He strongly criticized Stalin’s personality cult, purges, wrongful executions, conduct of the war, an…
Define de-Stalinization in the Khrushchev period.
Answer
De-Stalinization was the process of criticizing and undoing parts of Stalin’s system. It included reducing fear, limiting the secret police, freeing some prisoners, and allowing more discussion of pas…
What was the Virgin Lands Scheme?
Answer
The Virgin Lands Scheme was Khrushchev’s agricultural policy started in 1954. It aimed to cultivate huge new areas of land in Siberia and Kazakhstan to increase food production. It gave an early boost…
How did Khrushchev try to improve Soviet living standards?
Answer
He shifted industrial policy toward consumer goods, launched a vast housing programme, raised wages, set a minimum wage, cut some taxes, shortened the working week, increased pensions and disability a…
Why did Khrushchev’s economic reforms slow down?
Answer
Growth slowed because the Regional Economic Councils were inefficient, investment was insufficient, and huge resources were diverted to armaments and the space programme. Agriculture also remained wea…
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