Health and Hygiene
NIOS · Class 10 · Science & Tech
Complete topic list for Health and Hygiene in NIOS Class 10 Science & Tech. Key concepts, sub-topics, and what to focus on for board exams.
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1. Health, Hygiene and Dimensions of Health
- Health is proper functioning of the body and mind, not just absence of disease.
- According to WHO, health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well being and not merely the absence of disease.
- Good health makes a person energetic, cheerful, efficient and productive.
2. Personal Health and Community Health
- Personal health means taking care of oneself to remain healthy and free from disease.
- Important personal health habits include balanced diet, regular toilet habit, washing hands before eating, bathing regularly, wearing clean clothes, cleaning teeth, washing hair and clipping nails.
- Balanced diet contains carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals and fibres in correct proportion.
3. Communicable Diseases and Their Spread
- Communicable diseases spread from one person to another by pathogens.
- Pathogens can enter through direct contact or indirect means.
- Direct transmission includes close contact, droplet infection, contaminated blood and infected mother to foetus.
4. Immunity and Immunization
- Immunity is the body’s ability to protect itself against foreign agents including disease-causing organisms.
- Innate immunity is present from birth.
- Skin, mucous membranes, hydrochloric acid in the stomach and white blood cells provide innate protection.
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Central concept: Health and Hygiene
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