Consumer Problems

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A consumer is a person who buys goods or services for personal use and not for resale or manufacturing. They use products to satisfy their needs and well-being.

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Prices vary due to higher operational costs (like air-conditioning, computers), use of middlemen, location in costly areas, free home delivery, and marketing expenses. These costs are passed on to the…

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Shopkeepers hoard goods to create artificial shortages, leading to price hikes. For example, before a budget, petrol or edible oil may be hoarded, making them expensive and hard to find.

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Adulteration is the act of adding or removing substances to reduce quality or change the composition of a product. It is done to increase profit, like mixing water in milk or chalk powder in turmeric.

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1. Mixing urea in milk to increase protein content falsely. 2. Adding sawdust to spices like chili powder to increase weight.

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Incidental adulteration happens by accident during storage or transport, like dust in food. Intentional adulteration is done on purpose to cheat consumers and make more profit.

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Stones are not standard weights and can be heavier or lighter. This leads to incorrect measurement, causing the consumer to get less or more product unfairly.

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A magnet may be fixed under the pan, or iron rings added to the string to make one side heavier. This makes the measured weight less than actual, cheating the consumer.