Introduction to Textile Science

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A fiber is a fine, hair-like strand that is the smallest visible unit of a textile. It must be long in relation to its width and strong enough to be spun into yarn. Fibers are the building blocks of a…

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The word 'textile' comes from the Latin word 'Textere', which means 'to weave'. Today, it refers to any material made from fibers, whether woven, knitted, or bonded.

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The three main sources are: 1) Natural fibers (from plants and animals), 2) Man-made fibers (regenerated from natural polymers), and 3) Synthetic fibers (fully man-made from chemicals).

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1) Cotton – obtained from the cotton plant (vegetable source). 2) Wool – obtained from sheep (animal source).

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Vegetable fibers are natural fibers obtained from plants. They are made of cellulose. Examples: Cotton, Linen, Jute, and Pineapple fiber.

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Animal fibers are natural fibers obtained from animals. They are made of protein. The two major ones are Wool (from sheep) and Silk (from silkworms).

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Asbestos is a natural mineral fiber that is flameproof and acid-resistant. However, it is no longer widely used because its dust can cause serious lung diseases, including cancer.

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Man-made fibers are made from natural polymers like cellulose or protein. For example, rayon is made from wood pulp. Synthetic fibers, like nylon and polyester, are made entirely from chemicals and do…