Fabric Construction

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A fabric is a material made by interlacing fibers or yarns using various methods like weaving, knitting, or felting. Fabrics are used to make clothing, home textiles, and other useful items.

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1. Weaving – interlacing warp and weft yarns at right angles. 2. Knitting – forming interlocking loops with yarn. 3. Felting – bonding fibers using heat, moisture, and pressure.

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The two main sets are: 1. Warp yarns – run lengthwise along the fabric. 2. Weft yarns – run across the fabric, perpendicular to the warp.

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The selvedge is the finished edge of a fabric that runs along the length. It prevents the fabric from raveling and gives strength during handling and sewing.

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Thread count is the number of warp and weft yarns per square inch of fabric. Higher thread count means a denser, stronger, and more durable fabric.

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Woven fabrics are made by interlacing yarns at right angles in a fixed pattern. This structure does not allow much movement between yarns, making them less stretchable compared to knitted fabrics.

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Plain weave is the simplest weave where warp and weft yarns alternate—over one, under one. It is strong and durable. Examples: Muslin, chiffon, gingham, and lawn fabric.

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In basket weave, two or more warp and weft yarns are grouped and interlaced as one unit, creating a basket-like texture. Plain weave interlaces single yarns one at a time.