Land slides, Volcanoes, Earthquakes and Tsunamis
Telangana Open School (TOSS) · Class 12 · Geography
Complete topic list for Land slides, Volcanoes, Earthquakes and Tsunamis in Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Geography. Key concepts, sub-topics, and what to focus on for board exams.
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Topics in Land slides, Volcanoes, Earthquakes and Tsunamis
Natural Hazards and Disasters
- A hazard is a dangerous condition that has the potential to harm people or property.
- A disaster occurs when a hazard causes large-scale damage beyond a community’s ability to cope.
- Disasters result from the combination of hazard, vulnerability, and lack of capacity to respond.
Earthquakes
- Earthquakes are caused by sudden movement along faults in the Earth's crust.
- Main causes: tectonic plate movement, volcanic activity, fault zones, and human activities like mining or reservoirs.
- Effects include ground shaking, landslides, soil liquefaction, structural collapse, and tsunamis.
Tsunamis
- Tsunami means 'harbour wave' in Japanese — formed by sudden displacement of ocean water.
- Main causes: underwater earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, landslides, or meteorite impacts.
- Tsunami waves travel fast in deep sea (500–1000 km/h) but grow tall near coastlines due to shoaling.
Volcanoes
- A volcano is a vent in the Earth's crust that releases lava, ash, and gases from magma below.
- Volcanism is caused by convection currents in the mantle creating weak zones in the crust.
- India has two volcanic islands: Barren Island and Narcondam Island in the Andamans.
Key Concepts
Central concept: Natural Hazards and Disasters
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