Ocean Deposits
Telangana Open School (TOSS) · Class 12 · Geography
Complete topic list for Ocean Deposits in Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Geography. Key concepts, sub-topics, and what to focus on for board exams.
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Topics in Ocean Deposits
Concept and Importance of Ocean Deposits
- Ocean deposits are unconsolidated materials that settle at the bottom of oceans and are also called marine sediments.
- They include rocks, sand, organic matter, and minerals transported from land or formed in the ocean.
- Only a few areas like ocean ridges and strong current zones lack sediments due to continuous erosion.
Sources of Ocean Deposits
- Terrigenous origin: Materials from land like rocks, sand, and mud carried by rivers, winds, and glaciers.
- Volcanic sediments: Ash and debris from volcanic eruptions, either on land (subaerial) or under water (submarine).
- Marine organisms: Dead plankton (phytoplankton and zooplankton) contribute calcareous and siliceous skeletons.
Classification of Ocean Deposits
- John Murray classified ocean deposits into Terrigenous and Pelagic based on origin and location.
- Terrigenous deposits: Found on continental shelves and slopes; include gravel, sand, silt, clay, and mud.
- Gravel: 2–256 mm; includes boulders, pebbles, and granules.
Transportation and Distribution of Ocean Deposits
- Rivers, rainwash, and waves transport materials near coasts—first three agents.
- Glaciers, winds, volcanic activity, and biological activity carry sediments far into oceans.
- Glacial transport: Ice carries boulders to fine powder; important in polar regions.
Key Concepts
Central concept: Ocean Deposits
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