Physical divisions, climate and drainage
Telangana Open School (TOSS) · Class 12 · Geography
Complete topic list for Physical divisions, climate and drainage in Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Geography. Key concepts, sub-topics, and what to focus on for board exams.
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Topics in Physical divisions, climate and drainage
Location and Boundaries of India
- India lies between 8°4'N to 37°6'N latitudes and 68°7'E to 97°25'E longitudes.
- The latitudinal and longitudinal extent is about 29 degrees.
- India measures 3,214 km from north to south and 2,933 km from east to west.
Physiographic Divisions of India
- India is divided into six major physiographic regions: The Himalayas, Northern Plains, Peninsular Plateau, Indian Desert, Coastal Plains, and Islands.
- The Himalayas consist of three parallel ranges: Himadri (Great Himalayas), Himachal (Lesser Himalayas), and Shiwaliks (Outer Himalayas).
- Duns are longitudinal valleys between the Himachal and Shiwaliks (e.g., Dehra Dun).
Climate of India
- India has a 'Tropical Monsoon' climate due to its location and monsoon wind patterns.
- Four seasons: Cold weather (Dec–Feb), Hot weather (Mar–May), Advancing SW Monsoon (Jun–Sep), Retreating SW Monsoon (Oct–Nov).
- Monsoon mechanism: Seasonal reversal of winds due to differential heating of land and sea.
Drainage System of India
- Indian rivers are divided into Himalayan and Peninsular rivers.
- Himalayan rivers are perennial (flow all year), fed by snowmelt and rain; Peninsular rivers are seasonal, dependent on rainfall.
- Major Himalayan rivers: Indus, Ganga, Brahmaputra.
Key Concepts
Central concept: Geography of India
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