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Water Resources -Irrigation — Syllabus

Telangana Open School (TOSS) · Class 12 · Geography

What Water Resources -Irrigation covers in Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Geography: 4 topics, for the 2026-27 session.

41 questions30 flashcards5 concepts

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4 Topics · Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Geography · 2026-27

Topics in Water Resources -Irrigation

1

Water Resources and Their Significance

  • Water is a renewable but limited resource; only 3% of Earth's water is freshwater.
  • India has 4% of global water resources but supports 16% of the world’s population.
  • Per capita water availability in India has decreased from 5177 m³ in 1951 to 1829 m³ in 2001.
2

Sources of Water

  • Four main sources: Surface water, Groundwater, Atmospheric water, Oceanic water.
  • Surface water includes rivers, lakes, ponds, and reservoirs; major rivers are Indus, Ganga, Brahmaputra.
  • India’s reservoir storage capacity is 17,400 billion m³, up from 180 billion m³ at independence.
3

Means of Irrigation

  • Three main methods: Wells & Tube wells, Canals, Tanks.
  • Wells and tube wells contribute 46% of net irrigated area (2014–15), up from 41% in 2001–02.
  • Canal irrigation declined from 27% to 24% during the same period.
4

Water Conservation and Management

  • Rainwater harvesting involves collecting and storing rainwater or recharging groundwater.
  • Urban areas use rooftop harvesting; rural areas use traditional methods like bawlis and ponds.
  • Watershed development manages land and water in small basins to prevent erosion and recharge groundwater.

Key Concepts

Central concept: Water Resources and Irrigation

Significance of WaterSources of WaterWater BudgetMeans of IrrigationRainwater HarvestingNational Water PolicyWatershed DevelopmentNational River Linking Programme

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Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in Water Resources -Irrigation for Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Geography?
Key topics in Water Resources -Irrigation include Water Resources and Their Significance, Sources of Water, Means of Irrigation, Water Conservation and Management. Study these first, then practise questions on each for the Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 board exam.
How should I revise Water Resources -Irrigation for the Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 board exam?
Learn the core ideas first, then work through the 41 practice questions on Water Resources -Irrigation. Revise definitions regularly and use flashcards for quick recall before the exam.

Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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