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Ocean salinity and temperature — Syllabus

Telangana Open School (TOSS) · Class 12 · Geography

What Ocean salinity and temperature covers in Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Geography: 3 topics, for the 2026-27 session.

53 questions30 flashcards4 concepts

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3 Topics · Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Geography · 2026-27

Topics in Ocean salinity and temperature

1

Oceanic Temperature

  • Ocean water temperature is influenced by latitude, season, and depth.
  • Temperature decreases from the equator towards the poles due to the angle of solar insolation.
  • Surface temperature in equatorial regions ranges from 27°C to 28°C, while polar regions can be near freezing.
2

Oceanic Salinity

  • Salinity refers to the amount of dissolved salts in seawater, expressed in parts per thousand (ppt).
  • Average ocean salinity is 35 ppt (35 grams of salt per 1 kg of seawater).
  • Main salt is Sodium Chloride (NaCl), making up about 77.8% of total dissolved salts.
3

Distribution Patterns

  • Horizontal temperature distribution decreases from equator to poles.
  • Northern Hemisphere oceans are warmer due to less water coverage compared to the Southern Hemisphere.
  • Vertical temperature profile: rapid drop in thermocline, then stable in deep zone.

Key Concepts

Central concept: Ocean Salinity and Temperature

Oceanic TemperatureOceanic SalinityFactors Influencing Ocean TemperatureVertical Temperature ZonesProcesses of Heating Ocean WaterProcesses of Cooling Ocean WaterFactors Controlling Ocean SalinityDistribution of Salinity

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Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in Ocean salinity and temperature for Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Geography?
Key topics in Ocean salinity and temperature include Oceanic Temperature, Oceanic Salinity, Distribution Patterns. Study these first, then practise questions on each for the Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 board exam.
How should I revise Ocean salinity and temperature for the Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 board exam?
Learn the core ideas first, then work through the 53 practice questions on Ocean salinity and temperature. Revise definitions regularly and use flashcards for quick recall before the exam.

Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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All Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Geography Syllabus

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