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Human Reproduction

CBSE · Class 12 · Biology

NCERT Solutions for Human Reproduction — CBSE Class 12 Biology.

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A flowchart illustrating the stages of spermatogenesis, from spermatogonia to spermatozoa, including mitotic divisions, meiotic divisions (Meiosis I and Meiosis II), and spermiogenesis. Indicate ploid
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41 Questions Solved · 1 Section

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EXERCISES

1(a)Humans reproduce ________ (asexually/sexually)Show solution
Humans are sexually reproducing, as stated in the chapter.

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1(b)Humans are ________ (oviparous, viviparous, ovoviviparous)Show solution
Humans give birth to live young, so they are viviparous.

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1(c)Fertilisation is ________ in humans (external/internal)Show solution
In humans, fertilisation occurs inside the female body, so it is internal.

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1(d)Male and female gametes are ________ (diploid/haploid)Show solution
Male gametes and female gametes each contain half the normal chromosome number, so they are haploid.

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1(e)Zygote is ________ (diploid/haploid)Show solution
A zygote is formed by fusion of two haploid gametes, so it is diploid.

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1(f)The process of release of ovum from a mature follicle is called ________Show solution
The release of an ovum from a mature follicle is called ovulation.

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1(g)Ovulation is induced by a hormone called ________Show solution
Ovulation is induced by a surge of luteinising hormone (LH).

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1(h)The fusion of male and female gametes is called ________Show solution
The fusion of male and female gametes is called fertilisation.

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1(i)Fertilisation takes place in ________Show solution
In humans, fertilisation takes place in the ampullary region of the fallopian tube.

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1(j)Zygote divides to form ________ which is implanted in uterus.Show solution
The zygote divides repeatedly to form a blastocyst, which is implanted in the uterus.

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1(k)The structure which provides vascular connection between foetus and uterus is called ________Show solution
The structure that provides the vascular connection between foetus and uterus is the placenta.

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2Draw a labelled diagram of male reproductive system.Show solution

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3Draw a labelled diagram of female reproductive system.Show solution

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4Write two major functions each of testis and ovary.Show solution
Testis:
1. Produces sperms by spermatogenesis.
2. Secretes androgens (testicular hormones) by Leydig cells.

Ovary:
1. Produces the ovum.
2. Secretes ovarian hormones (steroid hormones).

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5Describe the structure of a seminiferous tubule.Show solution
A seminiferous tubule is a highly coiled tubule lined by two kinds of cells: male germ cells (spermatogonia) and Sertoli cells. The spermatogonia lie on the inside wall and undergo meiosis to form sperms, while Sertoli cells provide nutrition to the germ cells.

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6What is spermatogenesis? Briefly describe the process of spermatogenesis.Show solution
Spermatogenesis is the process of formation of sperms from male germ cells in the testes.

Briefly:
- Spermatogonia multiply by mitosis and increase in number.
- Some become primary spermatocytes.
- Each primary spermatocyte undergoes meiosis I to form two secondary spermatocytes.
- Secondary spermatocytes undergo meiosis II to form four haploid spermatids.
- Spermatids change into spermatozoa by spermiogenesis.
- Mature sperms are released from seminiferous tubules by spermiation.

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7Name the hormones involved in regulation of spermatogenesis.Show solution
The regulation of spermatogenesis involves gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH), and the pituitary gonadotropins LH and FSH.

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8Define spermiogenesis and spermiation.Show solution
Spermiogenesis is the transformation of spermatids into spermatozoa (mature sperms).

Spermiation is the release of sperms from the seminiferous tubules into the lumen.

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9Draw a labelled diagram of sperm.Show solution

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10What are the major components of seminal plasma?Show solution
The major components of seminal plasma are fructose, calcium and certain enzymes.

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11What are the major functions of male accessory ducts and glands?Show solution
The male accessory ducts store and transport sperms from the testes to the outside through the urethra.

The male accessory glands add secretions to form seminal plasma, which is rich in fructose, calcium and certain enzymes. These secretions help in nourishing the sperms, and the bulbourethral glands also help in lubrication of the penis.

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12What is oogenesis? Give a brief account of oogenesis.
13Draw a labelled diagram of a section through ovary.
14Draw a labelled diagram of a Graafian follicle?
15(a)Corpus luteum
15(b)Endometrium
15(c)Acrosome
15(d)Sperm tail
15(e)Fimbriae
16(a)Androgens are produced by Sertoli cells. (True/False)
16(b)Spermatozoa get nutrition from Sertoli cells. (True/False)
16(c)Leydig cells are found in ovary. (True/False)
16(d)Leydig cells synthesise androgens. (True/False)
16(e)Oogenesis takes place in corpus luteum. (True/False)
16(f)Menstrual cycle ceases during pregnancy. (True/False)
16(g)Presence or absence of hymen is not a reliable indicator of virginity or sexual experience. (True/False)
17What is menstrual cycle? Which hormones regulate menstrual cycle?
18What is parturition? Which hormones are involved in induction of parturition?
19In our society the women are often blamed for giving birth to daughters. Can you explain why this is not correct?
20How many eggs are released by a human ovary in a month? How many eggs do you think would have been released if the mother gave birth to identical twins? Would your answer change if the twins born were fraternal?
21How many eggs do you think were released by the ovary of a female dog which gave birth to 6 puppies?

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Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in Human Reproduction for CBSE Class 12 Biology?
Key topics in Human Reproduction include Correct vs Incorrect: Oogenesis Output - How Many Functional Ova?, Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis — Step-by-Step, Human Reproduction – Full Chapter Concept Map. These are the concepts CBSE Class 12 examiners draw on most — study them first, then practise related questions.
How to score full marks in Human Reproduction — CBSE Class 12 Biology?
Understand the core concepts first, then work through the 54 practice questions available for this chapter. Revise formulas and definitions regularly, and use flashcards for quick recall before the exam.
Where can I get free NCERT Solutions for Human Reproduction Class 12 Biology?
This page has free step-by-step NCERT Solutions for every exercise question in Human Reproduction (CBSE Class 12 Biology) — written the way examiners award marks: given, formula, working, answer.

Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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