Soil Resources in India

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Soil is the loose material that forms the thin surface layer of the Earth. It is a renewable natural resource, but it takes a long time to regenerate.

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Pedogenesis is the scientific term for the process of soil formation. Soil forms through the weathering and breakdown of rocks, along with the action of climate, vegetation, relief, animals, insects, …

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Soil formation depends on parent rock material, relief, climate, and vegetation. Animals, insects, and human beings also affect soil formation by changing or mixing the soil.

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Soil is made up of inorganic materials, organic matter, moisture, and air. The main inorganic components are silica, clay, and chalk. Organic matter includes humus.

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Humus is the ultimate form of organic matter in soil. It is formed by the decomposition of plant remains, animal waste, and dead animals. It is not a mineral. Humus improves soil fertility and helps t…

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Silica is the main constituent of sand and comes from rock disintegration. Clay is a mixture of silicates and other minerals and helps soil retain moisture. Chalk, or calcium carbonate, provides calci…

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Soil conservation is an effort made by humans to prevent soil erosion and retain the fertility of soil. It includes methods such as afforestation, contour ploughing, terracing, crop rotation, check da…

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Soil erosion is the removal of the nutrient-rich topsoil layer by natural forces like water and wind, as well as by human activities. It reduces soil fertility and harms agriculture and ecology.