Water Resources

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Irrigation is the process of supplying water to crops by artificial measures such as canals, wells, tube wells, and lakes from existing natural sources of water like rivers, tanks, ponds, or undergrou…

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Surface water is found on the Earth's surface in rivers, lakes, ponds, and canals. It is easily accessible but vulnerable to pollution and seasonal changes. Groundwater is located beneath the Earth's …

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Irrigation is necessary in India because: 1) Monsoon rainfall is erratic, unreliable, and unevenly distributed, 2) Rainfall is restricted to 4 months (June-September), 3) Some crops like rice and suga…

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Inundation Canals: Taken from rivers during floods without regulating systems, dependent on rains, cheaper to build but uncertain water supply. Perennial Canals: Draw water from perennial rivers/barra…

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Canal irrigation is more suitable in Northern India because: 1) Northern rivers are perennial (snow-fed) while southern rivers are seasonal, 2) Northern plains have flat, soft surface easy to dig whil…

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Conditions: 1) Uneven terrain with natural depressions, 2) Hard, impervious rocks that don't allow water seepage, 3) Monsoon climate for water collection. Most popular in: Peninsular India, especially…

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Advantages: Cheapest irrigation method, independent source, can be dug anywhere with high water table, adds soil fertility through mineral content, no regular payments required. Disadvantages: May dry…

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Essential conditions: 1) High water table with perennial water supply, 2) Soft ground, preferably alluvial soil for easy digging, 3) Adequate rainfall to replenish groundwater, 4) Cheap hydroelectric …