The National Movement (During the First World War)
ICSE · Class 10 · History & Civics
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Get startedWhat were the two opposing groups in the First World War (1914-1918)?
Answer
Allied Powers: Britain, France, Italy, Russia, etc. vs Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey, etc. India was forced to participate as a British colony to safeguard British interests.
How did the First World War economically impact India?
Answer
War led to huge increase in defense expenditure financed by war loans and increased taxes. Customs duties raised, income tax introduced. Prices doubled (1913-1918) causing extreme hardship. Forced rec…
What was the human cost of WWI period in India?
Answer
Crop failures (1918-19, 1920-21) caused acute food shortages. Influenza epidemic accompanied famines. According to 1921 Census, 12-13 million people perished due to famines and epidemic.
Define the Lucknow Pact of 1916 and its main participants.
Answer
A historic agreement signed between the Indian National Congress and Muslim League at Lucknow Congress session in 1916. It united both factions of Congress (Assertive/Radical and Early Nationalists) w…
What were the main constitutional demands of the Lucknow Pact?
Answer
1) Abolish Council of Secretary of State for India 2) Half of Governor-General's Executive Council to be Indians 3) Imperial Legislative Council with 150 members (4/5th elected, 1/3rd Muslims via sepa…
What were the judicial and religious provisions in the Lucknow Pact?
Answer
Judicial: Separation of judiciary from executive - judiciary in each province under Highest Court, executive officers to have no judicial powers. Religious: No Bill/Resolution if 3/4th members of any …
What was the main significance of the Lucknow Pact?
Answer
Achieved Hindu-Muslim unity for the first time. United Assertive/Radical Nationalists, Early Nationalists, and Muslim League created unprecedented pressure on British. Government forced to adopt polic…
What were the major drawbacks of the Lucknow Pact?
Answer
1) Emphasized separate interests of Hindus and Muslims 2) Congress lost secular platform by accepting separate electorates 3) Limited to educated and rich classes - no mass involvement 4) Strengthened…
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