Diffraction of Light

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Diffraction is the bending of light round the corners of obstacles or apertures. It is a characteristic of wave-motion.

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Diffraction is strong only when the size of the obstacle or aperture is of the order of the wavelength of light. If the slit is widened much more, diffraction becomes weak and light propagates nearly …

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Due to diffraction, light spreads around the aperture and does not remain perfectly confined to a point. As a result, the image of a point source appears as a disc rather than a point.

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Red light diffracts more than blue light because red light has a longer wavelength. A larger wavelength gives a larger angular spread in diffraction.

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First minimum condition: e sin θ = λ Here, e = slit width, θ = diffraction angle, and λ = wavelength.

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Given: e = 1.0 × 10^-6 m, λ = 500 nm = 5.0 × 10^-7 m Formula: e sin θ = λ Step 1: sin θ = λ/e = (5.0 × 10^-7 m)/(1.0 × 10^-6 m) = 0.5 Step 2: θ = sin^-1(0.5) = 30° Answer: The first minimum occurs at …

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General condition of minima: e sin θ = ±mλ, where m = 1, 2, 3, ... The value m = 0 does not give a minimum; it corresponds to the principal maximum.

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Given: e = 0.50 mm = 0.50 × 10^-3 m, λ = 650 nm = 650 × 10^-9 m Formula: e sin θ = λ Step 1: sin θ = λ/e = (650 × 10^-9 m)/(0.50 × 10^-3 m) = 1.3 × 10^-3 Step 2: θ is very small, so θ ≈ 1.3 × 10^-3 ra…