Nuclear Fission and Nuclear Fusion: Source of Energy — Flashcards
ICSE · Class 12 · Physics
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State the definition of nuclear fission.
Answer
Nuclear fission is a process in which a heavy nucleus, after capturing a thermal neutron having energy 0.027 eV, splits up into two lighter nuclei of comparable masses. The product nuclei are called f…
Who observed the splitting of uranium nucleus when it was bombarded with neutrons, and who named the process nuclear fission?
Answer
Hahn and Strassmann observed that uranium nucleus with Z = 92, when bombarded with neutrons, split into isotopes of barium and krypton. Meitner and Frisch named the phenomenon nuclear fission.
Why can U-235 sustain a chain reaction more easily than U-238?
Answer
U-235 can be fissioned by slow or thermal neutrons of about 0.03 eV. U-238 can only be fissioned by fast neutrons above 1 MeV, and below 1 MeV it absorbs neutrons without fission. This makes U-235 muc…
A slow neutron strikes U-235. What are the main steps of the fission process?
Answer
Step 1: U-235 captures a slow neutron and forms unstable U-236. Step 2: U-236 splits into two lighter nuclei. Step 3: Two or three fast neutrons are emitted. Step 4: A large amount of energy is releas…
What is the typical mass-number range of fission fragments?
Answer
The fission fragments are radioactive isotopes of elements lying in the mass-number range roughly from 70 to 160. They undergo several beta decays until they reach stable end-products.
A U-235 nucleus releases about 200 MeV per fission. Convert this into joules.
Answer
Given: Energy per fission = 200 MeV Formula: 1 MeV = 1.6 × 10^-13 J Calculation: 200 × 1.6 × 10^-13 J = 3.2 × 10^-11 J Answer: 3.2 × 10^-11 J per fission…
Calculate the energy released if 1 g of U-235 is fully fissioned.
Answer
Given: 1 g of U-235 = 2.56 × 10^21 atoms Energy per fission = 200 MeV = 3.2 × 10^-11 J Step 1: Total energy in joules = (2.56 × 10^21) × (3.2 × 10^-11 J) Step 2: E = 8.19 × 10^10 J approximately Answe…
State the formula for multiplication or reproduction factor K.
Answer
K = (Number of neutrons present at the beginning of present generation) / (Number of neutrons in the beginning of previous generation) Meaning: K tells whether a chain reaction is steady, increasing, …
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