Mass- Energy Equivalence: Nuclear Binding Energy — Flashcards
ICSE · Class 12 · Physics
28 flashcards for Mass- Energy Equivalence: Nuclear Binding Energy (ICSE Class 12 Physics) to test yourself on key terms and facts.
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State Einstein’s mass-energy relation and explain its meaning.
Answer
Formula: ΔE = (Δm)c². Meaning: If mass decreases by Δm, an equivalent amount of energy ΔE is produced. Units: ΔE in joule (J), Δm in kilogram (kg), c in m s⁻¹. Quick fact: 1 kg of mass is equivalent t…
Why is the increase in mass due to added energy usually very small?
Answer
Formula: Δm = ΔE / c². Because c² is very large, even a large energy input produces a very tiny mass increase. Example idea: heating a body increases its mass, but the increase is too small to measure…
What is rest-mass energy? Write its formula.
Answer
Formula: E₀ = m₀c². Meaning: A body at rest also has energy due to its rest mass. Units: E₀ in J or MeV, m₀ in kg or u, c in m s⁻¹. For electron or positron, rest-mass energy = 0.51 MeV.
A body loses 1.0 g of mass completely. How much energy is released?
Answer
Given: Δm = 1.0 g = 1.0×10^-3 kg, c = 3.0×10^8 m s^-1. Formula: ΔE = (Δm)c². Step 1: ΔE = (1.0×10^-3 kg) × (3.0×10^8 m s^-1)² Step 2: ΔE = 1.0×10^-3 × 9.0×10^16 J Step 3: ΔE = 9.0×10^13 J Answer: 9.0×…
What is pair production? Write the reaction equation.
Answer
Pair production is the conversion of γ-photon energy into mass by creating an electron and a positron near a heavy nucleus. Equation: hν = -1β⁰ + +1β⁰. Category: conversion of energy into mass. A heav…
What minimum γ-photon energy is needed for pair production?
Answer
Minimum energy = 2 × 0.51 MeV = 1.02 MeV. Reason: electron rest-mass energy = 0.51 MeV and positron rest-mass energy = 0.51 MeV. If γ-photon energy is below 1.02 MeV, pair production does not occur; p…
A γ-photon has energy 2.26 MeV. What total kinetic energy is available in pair production?
Answer
Given: photon energy = 2.26 MeV. Threshold energy = 1.02 MeV. Step 1: Excess energy = 2.26 MeV - 1.02 MeV = 1.24 MeV Step 2: This excess becomes kinetic energy of electron and positron. Answer: total …
Why does the positron get more than half the kinetic energy in pair production?
Answer
The positively charged nucleus repels the positron and attracts the electron. So the nucleus accelerates the positron and retards the electron. Result: the positron gets more than half of the excess k…
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