Elections
ICSE · Class 9 · History & Civics
Complete topic list for Elections in ICSE Class 9 History & Civics. Key concepts, sub-topics, and what to focus on for board exams.
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Get startedTopics in Elections
Meaning and Concept of Elections
- Elections are procedures whereby persons are chosen by voting to represent voters in running the government
- Democracy requires citizen participation in choosing representatives either directly or indirectly
- Elections involve competition between candidates for the same position, creating winners and losers
Types of Elections - Direct and Indirect
- Direct Elections: People directly vote to elect their representatives (Lok Sabha, State Legislative Assemblies)
- Indirect Elections: Elected representatives choose other representatives (Rajya Sabha, Legislative Councils)
- MLAs are directly elected by state citizens; MPs are directly elected by constituency voters
Types of Elections - General, Mid-term, and By-elections
- General Elections: Held after normal 5-year term completion of Lok Sabha
- May include simultaneous state assembly elections (though not always)
- Mid-term Elections: Held when legislature dissolved before completing full 5-year term
Election Commission - Composition and Structure
- Constitutional body under Article 324 responsible for conducting free and fair elections
- Originally single-member body (1950-1989), became multi-member in 1989
- Currently consists of Chief Election Commissioner (CEC) and two other Election Commissioners
Key Concepts
Central concept: Elections
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