Medieval India (A) The Cholas
ICSE · Class 9 · History & Civics
Complete topic list for Medieval India (A) The Cholas in ICSE Class 9 History & Civics. Key concepts, sub-topics, and what to focus on for board exams.
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Sources of Chola History
- Inscriptions are the primary source - copper-plate grants, stone inscriptions, and temple wall inscriptions
- Rajaraja I pioneered the practice of prefixing main achievements to inscriptions
- Tiruvalangadu copper plates of Rajendra Chola contain 31 copper sheets in Sanskrit and Tamil
Political History - Major Rulers
- Vijayalaya established Chola rule in 9th century with Thanjavur as capital
- Parantaka I conquered Madurai, defeated Pandyas and rulers of Lanka
- Rajaraja I (985-1014 CE) - conquered Pandyas, Cheras, parts of Mysore, northern Sri Lanka and Maldives
Chola Administration
- Highly centralized system with king as supreme authority assisted by Council of Ministers
- Empire divided into Mandalams (provinces) → Valanadu → Nadu (districts)
- Princes appointed as provincial governors
Chola Art and Architecture
- Brihadeshwara Temple (Thanjavur) - masterpiece of Dravidian architecture built by Rajaraja I
- 66-meter high vimana with 80-ton single stone dome
- Temple built with 130,000 tons of granite
Key Concepts
Central concept: Chola Empire - Medieval South India
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