Thermodynamics
NIOS · Class 12 · Physics
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See them allState the First Law of Thermodynamics and write its mathematical form.
Answer
Statement: The heat given to a system equals the sum of the increase in internal energy and the work done by the system. Mathematical Form: ΔQ = ΔU + ΔW Where: • ΔQ = Heat added to the system (J) • …
A system absorbs 2000 J of heat and produces 500 J of work. Find the change in internal energy.
Answer
Given: • ΔQ = +2000 J (heat absorbed) • ΔW = +500 J (work done BY system) Find: ΔU = ? Formula: ΔQ = ΔU + ΔW Solution: ΔU = ΔQ - ΔW ΔU = 2000 - 500 ΔU = +1500 J Answer: The internal energy of the …
A system absorbs 1100 J of heat and 400 J of work is done ON it. Find the change in internal energy.
Answer
Given: • ΔQ = +1100 J (heat absorbed) • Work done ON system = 400 J → ΔW = -400 J (work done BY system is negative when work is done ON it) Find: ΔU = ? Formula: ΔU = ΔQ - ΔW Solution: ΔU = 1100 - …
What is an Isothermal Process? Write the condition and result using the First Law.
Answer
Definition: A thermodynamic process that occurs at CONSTANT TEMPERATURE. Condition: Temperature T = constant throughout. Example: Gas in a perfectly conducting cylinder (heat exchange is instant).
What is an Adiabatic Process? Write the First Law result and give a real-world example.
Answer
Definition: A thermodynamic process in which NO heat exchange occurs between the system and surroundings. Condition: ΔQ = 0 (system is perfectly insulated) First Law Application: 0 = ΔU + ΔW → ΔU = …
What is an Isobaric Process and an Isochoric Process? Write their First Law results.
Answer
ISOBARIC PROCESS (Constant Pressure): • Condition: P = constant • Example: Heating water in an open vessel at atmospheric pressure • First Law: ΔQ = ΔU + ΔW (both ΔU and ΔW are non-zero) • Work done: …
State the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics. What concept does it define?
Answer
Statement: If two bodies A and B are separately in thermal equilibrium with a third body C, then A and B are also in thermal equilibrium with each other. Symbolically: If A ↔ C (equilibrium) AND B ↔ …
What is Internal Energy? How is it related to work done adiabatically?
Answer
Definition: Internal energy (U) is the sum of the kinetic energy and potential energy of ALL molecules of a system. U = Internal KE (due to molecular motion) + Internal PE (due to intermolecular forc…
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