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Atomic Structure

Telangana Open School (TOSS) · Class 12 · Chemistry

Quick revision notes for Atomic Structure — Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Chemistry. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.

44 questions30 flashcards5 concepts

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Key Topics to Revise

1

Fundamental Particles of the Atom

  • Atoms are composed of three fundamental subatomic particles: electrons, protons, and neutrons.
  • Electrons are negatively charged, very light particles found outside the nucleus.
  • Protons are positively charged and located in the nucleus; they are approximately 1840 times heavier than electrons.
2

Evolution of Atomic Models

  • J.J. Thomson proposed the 'plum pudding model' where electrons are embedded in a positively charged sphere.
  • Rutherford's alpha-particle scattering experiment showed that most of the atom is empty space with a dense, positively charged nucleus at the center.
  • Most alpha particles passed straight through the gold foil, some were deflected slightly, and a very few bounced back, indicating a concentrated positive charge.
3

Electromagnetic Radiation and Spectra

  • Electromagnetic radiation (EMR) consists of oscillating electric and magnetic fields that travel through space at the speed of light (3 × 10⁸ m/s).
  • EMR does not require a medium and includes visible light, radio waves, X-rays, etc.
  • Key parameters: wavelength (λ), frequency (ν), wave number (ν̄), amplitude, and velocity (c = νλ).
4

Bohr's Model of the Atom

  • Bohr proposed that electrons revolve in fixed circular orbits (stationary states) without radiating energy.
  • Electrons can jump between orbits by absorbing or emitting photons of energy ΔE = hν.
  • Angular momentum is quantized: mvr = nh/(2π), where n is the principal quantum number.

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Full Notes

Key Concepts

Atoms are made up of threeBased on the alphaNiels Bohr proposed that electrons moveLouis de Broglie proposed that matterIt states that it is impossible

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in Atomic Structure for Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Chemistry?
Atomic Structure covers several key topics that are frequently asked in Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 board exams. Focus on the core concepts listed on this page and practise related questions to build confidence.
How to score full marks in Atomic Structure — Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Chemistry?
Understand the core concepts first, then work through the 44 practice questions available for this chapter. Revise formulas and definitions regularly, and use flashcards for quick recall before the exam.

Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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