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Chemical Thermodynamics

Telangana Open School (TOSS) · Class 12 · Chemistry

Quick revision notes for Chemical Thermodynamics — Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Chemistry. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.

46 questions30 flashcards5 concepts

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Key Topics to Revise

1

1. System, Surroundings, and Types of Systems

  • A system is the part of the universe under study; the rest is called surroundings.
  • Isolated system: No exchange of matter or energy with surroundings (e.g., thermos flask).
  • Closed system: Exchanges energy but not matter (e.g., hot water in a closed steel flask).
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2. Exothermic and Endothermic Reactions

  • Exothermic reactions release heat to surroundings (ΔH < 0).
  • Endothermic reactions absorb heat from surroundings (ΔH > 0).
  • Examples: Combustion (exothermic), photosynthesis (endothermic).
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3. First Law of Thermodynamics and Internal Energy

  • Energy cannot be created or destroyed — it only changes form (conservation of energy).
  • Mathematically: ΔU = q + w
  • Internal energy (U) is the total energy of a system — a state function.
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4. Enthalpy and Its Applications

  • Enthalpy (H) = U + pV; a state function.
  • ΔH = q_p — enthalpy change equals heat absorbed at constant pressure.
  • ΔH = ΔU + pΔV (for constant pressure).

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Full Notes

Key Concepts

The part of the universe underState functions like pressureEnergy cannot be created or destroyedEnthalpy is defined as H =Standard enthalpy of formation (Δ_fH⁰)

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in Chemical Thermodynamics for Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Chemistry?
Chemical Thermodynamics covers several key topics that are frequently asked in Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 board exams. Focus on the core concepts listed on this page and practise related questions to build confidence.
How to score full marks in Chemical Thermodynamics — Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Chemistry?
Understand the core concepts first, then work through the 46 practice questions available for this chapter. Revise formulas and definitions regularly, and use flashcards for quick recall before the exam.

Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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