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Chemical Thermodynamics — Revision Notes

Telangana Open School (TOSS) · Class 12 · Chemistry

Chemical Thermodynamics revision notes for Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Chemistry: 4 topics in quick points.

46 questions30 flashcards3 formulas & key relations5 concepts

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Key Topics to Revise

1

1. System, Surroundings, and Types of Systems

  • A system is the part of the universe under study; the rest is called surroundings.
  • Isolated system: No exchange of matter or energy with surroundings (e.g., thermos flask).
  • Closed system: Exchanges energy but not matter (e.g., hot water in a closed steel flask).
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2. Exothermic and Endothermic Reactions

  • Exothermic reactions release heat to surroundings (ΔH < 0).
  • Endothermic reactions absorb heat from surroundings (ΔH > 0).
  • Examples: Combustion (exothermic), photosynthesis (endothermic).
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3. First Law of Thermodynamics and Internal Energy

  • Energy cannot be created or destroyed — it only changes form (conservation of energy).
  • Mathematically: ΔU = q + w
  • Internal energy (U) is the total energy of a system — a state function.
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4. Enthalpy and Its Applications

  • Enthalpy (H) = U + pV; a state function.
  • ΔH = q_p — enthalpy change equals heat absorbed at constant pressure.
  • ΔH = ΔU + pΔV (for constant pressure).

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Full Notes

Key Concepts

The part of the universe underState functions like pressureEnergy cannot be created or destroyedEnthalpy is defined as H =Standard enthalpy of formation (Δ_fH⁰)

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in Chemical Thermodynamics for Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Chemistry?
Key topics in Chemical Thermodynamics include System, Surroundings, and Types of Systems, Exothermic and Endothermic Reactions, First Law of Thermodynamics and Internal Energy, Enthalpy and Its Applications. Study these first, then practise questions on each for the Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 board exam.
How should I revise Chemical Thermodynamics for the Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 board exam?
Learn the core ideas first, then work through the 46 practice questions on Chemical Thermodynamics. Revise definitions regularly and use flashcards for quick recall before the exam.

Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

More resources for Chemical Thermodynamics

All Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Chemistry Revision Notes

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