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Revision Notes

Water Pollution

Telangana Open School (TOSS) · Class 12 · Chemistry

Quick revision notes for Water Pollution — Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Chemistry. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.

53 questions30 flashcards5 concepts

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Key Topics to Revise

1

Water Resources on Earth

  • About 97% of Earth's water is saline (in oceans), only 3% is freshwater.
  • Of the 3% freshwater, 75% is locked in ice caps and glaciers; the rest is groundwater or surface water.
  • Surface water comes from precipitation (rain, snow) that runs off into rivers, lakes, and streams.
2

Water Pollution – Parameters

  • Water pollution occurs when harmful substances exceed safe levels in water bodies.
  • Pollution is measured using physical, chemical, and biological parameters.
  • Physical parameters: colour, odour, turbidity, taste, temperature, electrical conductivity.
3

Sources of Water Pollution

  • Pollutants enter water from point sources (specific locations like factory pipes) and non-point sources (diffuse, like agricultural runoff).
  • Natural sources: siltation from erosion, leaching of minerals like radium and potassium-40.
  • Anthropogenic (human-made) sources: sewage, industrial waste, agricultural runoff, thermal and radioactive discharges.
4

Types and Effects of Water Pollutants

  • Sewage pollutants: contain pathogens causing diseases like cholera, typhoid, and hepatitis.
  • Organic pollutants: include oil, detergents, pesticides—cause eutrophication and toxicity.
  • Inorganic pollutants: nitrates and phosphates from fertilizers lead to algal blooms.

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Full Notes

Key Concepts

Water pollution occurs when harmful substancesBOD is the amount of oxygenIt is the process where excessToxic chemicals like DDT and mercuryPolluted water is treated in three

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in Water Pollution for Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Chemistry?
Water Pollution covers several key topics that are frequently asked in Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 board exams. Focus on the core concepts listed on this page and practise related questions to build confidence.
How to score full marks in Water Pollution — Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Chemistry?
Understand the core concepts first, then work through the 53 practice questions available for this chapter. Revise formulas and definitions regularly, and use flashcards for quick recall before the exam.

Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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