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Revision Notes

Biomolecules

Telangana Open School (TOSS) · Class 12 · Chemistry

Quick revision notes for Biomolecules — Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Chemistry. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.

52 questions35 flashcards5 concepts

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Key Topics to Revise

1

Carbohydrates

  • Carbohydrates are polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones, or substances that yield such compounds on hydrolysis.
  • They are classified into monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides based on hydrolysis behavior.
  • Monosaccharides cannot be hydrolyzed further; examples include glucose (aldohexose) and fructose (ketohexose).
2

Proteins

  • Proteins are polymers of α-amino acids linked by peptide bonds.
  • There are 20 naturally occurring α-amino acids; 10 are essential (must be obtained from diet).
  • Peptide bond is an amide linkage formed between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another with loss of water.
3

Lipids

  • Lipids are biomolecules insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents like chloroform and ether.
  • Simple lipids include fats, oils, and waxes; they are esters of fatty acids with glycerol or long-chain alcohols.
  • Fats are triglycerides that are solid at room temperature (mostly saturated); oils are liquid (unsaturated).
4

Nucleic Acids

  • Nucleic acids are polymers of nucleotides; two types: DNA and RNA.
  • A nucleotide consists of a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar, and a phosphate group.
  • DNA contains deoxyribose sugar and bases A, T, C, G; RNA has ribose and A, U, C, G.

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Full Notes

Key Concepts

Carbohydrates are polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketonesProteins are polymers of αLipids are waterNucleic acids are polymers of nucleotidesEnzymes are globular proteins that act

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in Biomolecules for Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Chemistry?
Biomolecules covers several key topics that are frequently asked in Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 board exams. Focus on the core concepts listed on this page and practise related questions to build confidence.
How to score full marks in Biomolecules — Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Chemistry?
Understand the core concepts first, then work through the 52 practice questions available for this chapter. Revise formulas and definitions regularly, and use flashcards for quick recall before the exam.

Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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