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Occurance and Extraction of Metals

Telangana Open School (TOSS) · Class 12 · Chemistry

Quick revision notes for Occurance and Extraction of Metals — Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Chemistry. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.

51 questions30 flashcards5 concepts

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Key Topics to Revise

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1. Occurrence of Metals

  • Metals occur in nature in two forms: free (native) state and combined state.
  • Noble metals like gold, silver, and platinum are unreactive and occur in free state.
  • Most reactive metals form compounds such as oxides, sulphides, carbonates, and halides.
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2. Steps in Metal Extraction

  • The extraction process involves five main steps: Crushing → Concentration → Roasting/Calcination → Reduction → Refining.
  • Crushing and pulverization break large ore pieces into fine powder for easier processing.
  • Concentration removes gangue using physical or chemical methods.
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3. Concentration of Ores

  • Purpose: Remove gangue from powdered ore.
  • Gravity separation: Used for heavy oxide ores like haematite and tinstone.
  • Magnetic separation: For ores with magnetic impurities or magnetic ores.
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4. Reduction of Metal Oxides

  • Carbon (coke) is the most common reducing agent for Fe, Zn, Sn.
  • Highly reactive metals (Al, Cr, Mn) use aluminium in thermite process.
  • Volatile metals like Zn, Hg are purified by distillation.

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Full Notes

Key Concepts

A mineral is any naturally occurringThe process of removing gangue (impurities)Calcination is heating the oreMetal oxides are reduced to freePurification of crude metal using methods

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in Occurance and Extraction of Metals for Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Chemistry?
Occurance and Extraction of Metals covers several key topics that are frequently asked in Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 board exams. Focus on the core concepts listed on this page and practise related questions to build confidence.
How to score full marks in Occurance and Extraction of Metals — Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Chemistry?
Understand the core concepts first, then work through the 51 practice questions available for this chapter. Revise formulas and definitions regularly, and use flashcards for quick recall before the exam.

Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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