Building Materials — Revision Notes
Telangana Open School (TOSS) · Class 12 · Chemistry
Building Materials revision notes for Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Chemistry: 3 topics in quick points. Includes Cement, Glass and Ceramics.
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Key Topics to Revise
Cement
- Cement is an inorganic material that sets into a hard mass when mixed with water.
- Portland cement is the most commonly used type in construction.
- Raw materials: Calcareous (limestone, chalk) and Argillaceous (clay, shale).
Glass
- Glass is a rigid, amorphous, transparent or translucent supercooled liquid.
- Main raw materials: Sand (SiO₂), alkali metal carbonates (Na₂CO₃, K₂CO₃), alkaline earth carbonates (CaCO₃), heavy metal oxides (PbO), feldspar, borax, and cullets.
- Manufacturing: Raw materials are mixed, fused in furnace, homogenized, and then shaped and annealed.
Ceramics
- Ceramics are inorganic, non-metallic materials made by heating clay or other raw materials at high temperatures.
- Main types: Clay products and Refractory ceramics.
- Clay products are classified as: Structural (bricks, tiles), White wares (porcelain), Chemical stoneware (sanitaryware).
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