Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Biology — Flashcards for Quick Revision

A: Organic evolution refers to the gradual development of more complex organisms from simpler forms over millions of years through changes in heritable characteristics. It explains how life diversified f

A: A species is a group of individuals that are similar in structure and function, can interbreed freely, and produce fertile offspring. For example, all modern humans belong to the species Homo sapiens.

A: The Chemosynthetic Theory, proposed by A.I. Oparin, suggests that life originated from non-living matter through a series of chemical reactions in the early Earth's oceans. Simple organic molecules li

A: Reproduction is the biological process by which living organisms produce offspring of their own kind. It ensures the continuation of species by passing genetic material from one generation to the next

A: Asexual reproduction involves a single parent and no formation or fusion of gametes. Offspring are genetically identical to the parent. Example: binary fission in bacteria. Sexual reproduction involve

A: Gametes are specialized sex cells involved in sexual reproduction. The male gamete is called sperm, and the female gamete is called ovum (egg). They are haploid cells that fuse during fertilization to

A: Kingdom Monera consists of prokaryotic organisms, meaning they lack a well-defined nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. This makes it the only prokaryotic kingdom and the most primitive among all fi

A: A prokaryote is a unicellular organism that lacks a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Its genetic material lies freely in the cytoplasm in a region called the nucleoid. Example: Bacteria and

A: 1. Coccus (spherical) – e.g., Staphylococcus<br>2. Bacillus (rod-shaped) – e.g., E. coli<br>3. Spirillum (spiral-shaped) – e.g., Spirillum minus<br>4. Vibrio (comma-shaped) – e.g., Vibrio cholerae