The First World War (1914-18)
ICSE · Class 10 · History & Civics
Complete topic list for The First World War (1914-18) in ICSE Class 10 History & Civics. Key concepts, sub-topics, and what to focus on for board exams.
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Causes of the First World War
- Division of Europe into Two Hostile Groups: Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy) vs Triple Entente (France, Russia, Britain)
- Armament Race: European nations began stockpiling weapons, creating fear and tension
- Militant Nationalism: Extreme nationalism led to imperialism and colonial competition
Major Events and Battles
- Western Front: Battle of Marne (1914) - turning point that stopped German advance
- Eastern Front: Germany defeated Russia twice, occupied territories
- USA entered war in 1917 after Lusitania incident and unrestricted submarine warfare
Treaty of Versailles and Consequences
- Signed on June 28, 1919 in Hall of Mirrors at Versailles, France
- Germany held guilty for aggression and forced to pay 33 billion dollars as war indemnity
- Germany lost all colonies and significant European territories
Post-War Changes and League of Nations
- Political map of Europe transformed - new nations created
- End of autocratic monarchies in Germany, Russia, Austria-Hungary
- League of Nations established on January 10, 1920 with headquarters in Geneva
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