Human Reproduction
ICSE · Class 12 · Biology
Flashcards for Human Reproduction — ICSE Class 12 Biology. Quick Q&A cards covering key concepts, definitions, and formulas.
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Get startedWhy are the testes located in the scrotum outside the body cavity?
Answer
Spermatogenesis requires a temperature 2–2.5°C below body temperature (~34.5°C). The scrotum maintains this lower temperature. At normal body temperature (37°C), sperm production ceases. Cryptorchidis…
What are Sertoli cells and what is their function?
Answer
Sertoli cells (sustentacular cells) are large nurse cells lining the seminiferous tubules. Functions: (1) Nourish developing spermatocytes and spermatids, (2) Secrete androgen-binding protein (ABP) un…
What are Leydig cells and what do they produce?
Answer
Leydig cells (interstitial cells) are located between the seminiferous tubules in the testes. They produce testosterone in response to LH (luteinising hormone) from the anterior pituitary. Testosteron…
Name the correct order of the male duct system from testes to urethra.
Answer
Seminiferous tubules → Rete testis → Vasa efferentia (15–20) → Epididymis → Vas deferens → Ejaculatory duct → Urethra Mnemonic: 'Some Really Very Enthusiastic Villagers Eat Utterly'…
What are the three accessory glands of the male reproductive system and their contributions to semen?
Answer
1. Seminal vesicles — 60% of semen; secrete fructose (sperm energy), prostaglandins, hyaluronidase 2. Prostate gland — 30% of semen; alkaline secretion (acid phosphatase, citric acid) 3. Bulbourethral…
What is the forensic significance of fructose in semen?
Answer
Fructose, secreted by the seminal vesicles, is used as a forensic marker in rape investigations. Its presence in vaginal swabs confirms recent male ejaculation. It also serves as the primary energy so…
What are the normal parameters of human semen?
Answer
Volume: 3–5 mL per ejaculation Sperm count: 200–300 million spermatozoa pH: alkaline (7.2–7.8) Disorders: Oligospermia (low count), Azoospermia (no sperm), Cryptorchidism (undescended testes → inferti…
Describe the ovaries — shape, size and location.
Answer
Ovaries are almond-shaped, 2–4 cm long, located in the pelvic cavity near the lateral walls (flanking the uterus). Each ovary has a cortex (contains follicles at various stages) and a medulla (vascula…
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