Reproductive Health
ICSE · Class 12 · Biology
Flashcards for Reproductive Health — ICSE Class 12 Biology. Quick Q&A cards covering key concepts, definitions, and formulas.
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See them allWhat is a barrier method of contraception?
Answer
Physical devices that prevent sperm from reaching the egg. Examples: condoms (male/female), diaphragm, cervical caps, vaults. Also protect against STDs.
How do oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) work?
Answer
Combination pills contain synthetic estrogen and progesterone that inhibit ovulation, alter cervical mucus, and change endometrial lining, preventing implantation.
What is an IUD and how does it prevent pregnancy?
Answer
Intrauterine Device placed inside the uterus. Types: non-medicated (Lippes loop), copper-releasing (Cu-T, Cu7), hormone-releasing (Progestasert, LNG-20). Increases phagocytosis of sperm and makes uter…
What is the difference between implants and injectables as contraceptives?
Answer
Implants (e.g., Norplant) are subdermal inserts releasing progestin slowly. Injectables (e.g., Depo-Provera) are progesterone injections given every 1–3 months. Both suppress ovulation.
What are emergency contraceptives and when are they used?
Answer
Used within 72 hours of unprotected sex. Contain high-dose progestin or combined hormones (e.g., i-pill). Prevent ovulation or implantation. NOT for regular use.
What is vasectomy and tubectomy?
Answer
Vasectomy: surgical cutting/ligation of vas deferens in males (permanent). Tubectomy: cutting/ligation of fallopian tubes in females (permanent). Both are sterilization methods.
Name natural methods of contraception.
Answer
Periodic abstinence (rhythm method — avoid sex during day 10–17 of menstrual cycle), coitus interruptus (withdrawal), lactational amenorrhea (no ovulation while fully breastfeeding up to 6 months post…
What is MTP and when is it legally permitted in India?
Answer
MTP = Medical Termination of Pregnancy (abortion). Legal in India under MTP Act. Permitted up to 20 weeks of pregnancy (extended to 24 weeks in special cases) by a registered medical practitioner.
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