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Water Pollution — Syllabus

Telangana Open School (TOSS) · Class 12 · Chemistry

What Water Pollution covers in Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Chemistry: 4 topics, for the 2026-27 session.

53 questions30 flashcards5 concepts

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4 Topics · Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Chemistry · 2026-27

Topics in Water Pollution

1

Water Resources on Earth

  • About 97% of Earth's water is saline (in oceans), only 3% is freshwater.
  • Of the 3% freshwater, 75% is locked in ice caps and glaciers; the rest is groundwater or surface water.
  • Surface water comes from precipitation (rain, snow) that runs off into rivers, lakes, and streams.
2

Water Pollution – Parameters

  • Water pollution occurs when harmful substances exceed safe levels in water bodies.
  • Pollution is measured using physical, chemical, and biological parameters.
  • Physical parameters: colour, odour, turbidity, taste, temperature, electrical conductivity.
3

Sources of Water Pollution

  • Pollutants enter water from point sources (specific locations like factory pipes) and non-point sources (diffuse, like agricultural runoff).
  • Natural sources: siltation from erosion, leaching of minerals like radium and potassium-40.
  • Anthropogenic (human-made) sources: sewage, industrial waste, agricultural runoff, thermal and radioactive discharges.
4

Types and Effects of Water Pollutants

  • Sewage pollutants: contain pathogens causing diseases like cholera, typhoid, and hepatitis.
  • Organic pollutants: include oil, detergents, pesticides—cause eutrophication and toxicity.
  • Inorganic pollutants: nitrates and phosphates from fertilizers lead to algal blooms.

Key Concepts

Central concept: Water Pollution

Water Resources on EarthWater Pollution ParametersSources of Water PollutionTypes of Water PollutantsBiological Effects of Water PollutionWater Treatment ProcessesLegislative Measures

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Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in Water Pollution for Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Chemistry?
Key topics in Water Pollution include Water Resources on Earth, Water Pollution – Parameters, Sources of Water Pollution, Types and Effects of Water Pollutants. Study these first, then practise questions on each for the Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 board exam.
How should I revise Water Pollution for the Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 board exam?
Learn the core ideas first, then work through the 53 practice questions on Water Pollution. Revise definitions regularly and use flashcards for quick recall before the exam.

Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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All Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Chemistry Syllabus

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