Biological And Cultural Bases of Human Behaviour

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Evolution refers to the gradual change in species over time due to natural selection. In human behaviour, traits that help survival and reproduction—like larger brains, language, and tool use—have evo…

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In evolution, 'fitness' means how well an organism can survive and pass its genes to the next generation. It's not about physical strength but reproductive success. For example, a person who avoids da…

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Humans differ from other animals in three key ways: (1) a larger and more developed brain that enables thinking, memory, and language; (2) the ability to walk on two legs (bipedalism); and (3) having …

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The basic unit of life is the cell. All living organisms, including humans, are made up of cells. Each cell contains cytoplasm, a nucleus, and is surrounded by a cell membrane. Cells work together to …

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A human cell has three main parts: (1) the cell membrane, which surrounds and protects the cell; (2) cytoplasm, a fluid inside the cell where chemical reactions happen; and (3) the nucleus, which cont…

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A neuron is a specialized cell in the nervous system that transmits information through electrical and chemical signals. It is the basic unit of the nervous system and helps in sensing, thinking, and …

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The three parts of a neuron are: (1) Cell body (soma) – contains the nucleus and controls cell functions; (2) Dendrites – branch-like structures that receive signals from other neurons; (3) Axon – a l…

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A synapse is the junction between two neurons where signals are transmitted. The sending neuron releases neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft (gap), which are then received by the next neuron. Th…