Understanding Individual Differences : The Case of Intelligence — Flashcards
Telangana Open School (TOSS) · Class 12 · Psychology
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What is the psychological definition of intelligence?
Answer
Intelligence is the global capacity to understand the world, think rationally, and use available resources effectively when faced with challenges. It includes the ability to learn from experience, ada…
Who was Alfred Binet and what was his contribution to intelligence testing?
Answer
Alfred Binet was a French psychologist who developed the first successful intelligence test in 1905 with Theodore Simon. He defined intelligence as the ability to judge well, understand well, and reas…
What is Mental Age (MA)?
Answer
Mental Age (MA) is a measure of a person's intellectual development compared to the average performance of people in their age group. For example, if a 10-year-old child performs at the level of an av…
What is Chronological Age (CA)?
Answer
Chronological Age (CA) is the actual age of a person from birth. It is used in calculating IQ by comparing it with Mental Age. For example, a child born 8 years ago has a CA of 8, regardless of their …
How is Intelligence Quotient (IQ) calculated?
Answer
IQ is calculated using the formula: IQ = (Mental Age / Chronological Age) × 100. For example, a 10-year-old child with a mental age of 12 would have an IQ of (12/10) × 100 = 120. This formula was deve…
What does an IQ score of 100 indicate?
Answer
An IQ score of 100 indicates average intelligence. It means the person's Mental Age is equal to their Chronological Age. Since IQ scores are normally distributed, about 50% of the population has an IQ…
Describe the distribution of IQ scores in the population.
Answer
IQ scores are distributed in a bell-shaped curve called the normal distribution. Most people (about 50%) have IQ scores between 90 and 109 (average). Fewer people have very high or very low scores. Fo…
What is Charles Spearman's two-factor theory of intelligence?
Answer
Charles Spearman proposed that intelligence consists of two factors: a general factor (g-factor) and specific factors (s-factors). The g-factor is a general mental ability that runs across all cogniti…
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