Gravitation : Planets and Satellites
ICSE · Class 11 · Physics
Summary of Gravitation : Planets and Satellites for ICSE Class 11 Physics. Key concepts, important points, and chapter overview.
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Gravitation is the universal force of attraction between any two material bodies. It explains planetary motion, the motion of satellites, the value of acceleration due to gravity, and the energy of bodies in a gravitational field. Kepler’s laws describe how planets move, while Newton’s law of gravit
Key Concepts
Kepler’s First Law states that planets
Kepler’s First Law states that planets move in elliptical orbits with the sun at one focus. Kepler’s Second Law states that the line joining a planet
Any two material particles attract each
Any two material particles attract each other with a force directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the squa
G is the universal constant
G is the universal constant of proportionality in the law of gravitation. Its value is 6.67×10^-11 N m^2 kg^-2, and its dimensions are [M^-1 L^3 T^-2]
The acceleration due to gravity
The acceleration due to gravity is the rate of increase of velocity of a body falling freely towards the earth. It is a vector quantity, has dimension
The earth has radius Re =
The earth has radius Re = 6.37×10^6 m. The mass of the earth is approximately 6.0×10^24 kg and its average density is about 5.5×10^3 kg m^-3. The moon
Learning Objectives
- Understand Kepler’s three laws of planetary motion.
- Apply Newton’s universal law of gravitation to two bodies.
- Distinguish between gravitation, gravity, G, and g.
- Calculate acceleration due to gravity and its variation with altitude, depth, and latitude.
- Find mass and density of the earth using gravitational relations.
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