Chapter 2 of 22
NCERT Solutions
Development
Madhya Pradesh Board · Class 10 · Social Science
NCERT Solutions for Development — Madhya Pradesh Board Class 10 Social Science.
62 questions64 flashcards5 concepts
Interactive on Super Tutor
Studying Development? Get the full interactive chapter.
Quizzes, flashcards, AI doubt-solver and a step-by-step study plan — built for ncert solutions and more.
1,000+ Class 10 students started this chapter today
Super Tutor
Learn better with visuals Super Tutor has hundreds of illustrations like this across every chapter — all free to try.
Get started34 Questions Solved · 7 Sections
17 worked solutions below. Unlock all 34 free in Super Tutor
LET'S WORK THESE OUT
1Why do different persons have different notions of development? Which of the following explanations is more important and why?Show solution
(b) Because life situations of persons are different.
This is more important because people want different things according to their needs, circumstances, and opportunities. For example, a landless labourer, a farmer depending on rain, and an urban unemployed youth will all have different developmental goals. So, development depends more on life situation than just on people being different.
This is more important because people want different things according to their needs, circumstances, and opportunities. For example, a landless labourer, a farmer depending on rain, and an urban unemployed youth will all have different developmental goals. So, development depends more on life situation than just on people being different.
Not sure why a step works? check your working in Super Tutor
2Do the following two statements mean the same? Justify your answer.Show solution
No, the two statements do not mean the same.
- Different developmental goals means people may want different things.
- Conflicting developmental goals means the goals of two people or groups may clash with each other.
For example, a girl may want equal freedom and sharing of housework, while her brother may not like this. So all different goals are not necessarily conflicting, but some can be.
- Different developmental goals means people may want different things.
- Conflicting developmental goals means the goals of two people or groups may clash with each other.
For example, a girl may want equal freedom and sharing of housework, while her brother may not like this. So all different goals are not necessarily conflicting, but some can be.
Not sure why a step works? check your working in Super Tutor
3Give some examples where factors other than income are important aspects of our lives.Show solution
Examples where factors other than income are important:
- Equal treatment and freedom from discrimination
- Security of a job, even if the pay is less
- Respect in society and at home
- A safe and secure environment
- Good health facilities and education for children
- Time for family and a good working atmosphere
These are important because quality of life depends on more than money.
- Equal treatment and freedom from discrimination
- Security of a job, even if the pay is less
- Respect in society and at home
- A safe and secure environment
- Good health facilities and education for children
- Time for family and a good working atmosphere
These are important because quality of life depends on more than money.
Not sure why a step works? check your working in Super Tutor
4Explain some of the important ideas of the above section in your own words.Show solution
The important ideas in this section are:
- Development means different things to different people.
- People may want more income, but also freedom, security, respect, equality, and good facilities.
- Sometimes the goals of different people can even be conflicting.
- So, development is not just about money or material goods; it is about a mix of goals that improve life.
In short, development should be understood from the point of view of people’s aspirations and life situations.
- Development means different things to different people.
- People may want more income, but also freedom, security, respect, equality, and good facilities.
- Sometimes the goals of different people can even be conflicting.
- So, development is not just about money or material goods; it is about a mix of goals that improve life.
In short, development should be understood from the point of view of people’s aspirations and life situations.
Not sure why a step works? check your working in Super Tutor
LET'S WORK THESE OUT
1Look at the picture on the right. What should be the developmental goals for such an area?Show solution
The developmental goals for such an area should be:
- Employment opportunities for all people
- Better wages and regular work
- Schools and hospitals nearby
- Safe drinking water, electricity, and roads
- No social discrimination
- Proper rehabilitation and justice for displaced people
- Development that does not destroy the lives of local people and the environment
So, development here should mean improving the lives of the people living there, not only building big projects.
- Employment opportunities for all people
- Better wages and regular work
- Schools and hospitals nearby
- Safe drinking water, electricity, and roads
- No social discrimination
- Proper rehabilitation and justice for displaced people
- Development that does not destroy the lives of local people and the environment
So, development here should mean improving the lives of the people living there, not only building big projects.
Not sure why a step works? check your working in Super Tutor
2Read this newspaper report and answer the questions that follow:Show solution
The people who benefited were the company and those who gained by disposing the waste cheaply. The people who did not benefit were the local residents of Abidjan, especially those who suffered from the toxic fumes.
The developmental goal for this country should be:
- Safe disposal of industrial waste
- Protection of health and the environment
- Strict regulation of companies
- Justice and compensation for affected people
- A development process that does not harm citizens for the profit of a few
The developmental goal for this country should be:
- Safe disposal of industrial waste
- Protection of health and the environment
- Strict regulation of companies
- Justice and compensation for affected people
- A development process that does not harm citizens for the profit of a few
Not sure why a step works? check your working in Super Tutor
3What can be some of the developmental goals for your village, town or locality?Show solution
Some developmental goals for a village, town, or locality could be:
- Better roads and transport
- Clean drinking water
- Schools and hospitals nearby
- More jobs and higher wages
- Electricity and sanitation
- Safety for women and children
- Freedom from pollution and discrimination
These goals may differ from place to place depending on local needs.
- Better roads and transport
- Clean drinking water
- Schools and hospitals nearby
- More jobs and higher wages
- Electricity and sanitation
- Safety for women and children
- Freedom from pollution and discrimination
These goals may differ from place to place depending on local needs.
Not sure why a step works? check your working in Super Tutor
LET'S WORK THESE OUT
1Give three examples where an average is used for comparing situations.Show solution
Three examples where an average is used for comparing situations are:
- Average marks of students in a class
- Average income per person in a country
- Average height or weight of a group of people
Averages help compare groups when individual values differ.
- Average marks of students in a class
- Average income per person in a country
- Average height or weight of a group of people
Averages help compare groups when individual values differ.
Not sure why a step works? check your working in Super Tutor
2Why do you think average income is an important criterion for development? Explain.Show solution
Average income is an important criterion because it tells us the income per person in a country, not just the total income. Since countries have different populations, total income alone does not show how well-off people are on average. A higher average income usually means people can get more of the things they need.
Not sure why a step works? check your working in Super Tutor
3Besides size of per capita income, what other property of income is important in comparing two or more societies?Show solution
Besides the size of per capita income, the distribution of income is also important. We should see whether income is spread equally or whether a few people get most of it while others remain poor.
Not sure why a step works? check your working in Super Tutor
4Suppose records show that the average income in a country has been increasing over a period of time. From this, can we conclude that all sections of the economy have become better? Illustrate your answer with an example.Show solution
No, we cannot conclude that all sections have become better.
An increase in average income may hide inequality. For example, one rich family may get much richer while several poor families remain poor. Then the average rises, but not everyone is better off. So we must also look at distribution of income.
An increase in average income may hide inequality. For example, one rich family may get much richer while several poor families remain poor. Then the average rises, but not everyone is better off. So we must also look at distribution of income.
Not sure why a step works? check your working in Super Tutor
5From the text, find out the per capita income level of about 10-15 low-income countries as per World Development Reports.Show solution
From the chapter, the low-income countries are those with per capita income of about US$ 2,300 or less per annum. So only the income level can be given from the chapter source.
Not sure why a step works? check your working in Super Tutor
6Write a paragraph on your notion of what should India do, or achieve, to become a developed country.Show solution
India should aim to become a developed country by not only increasing income but also improving health, education, equality, security, and freedom. It should reduce poverty and unemployment, provide good schools and hospitals, ensure equal opportunities for women and all communities, and protect the environment. Development should improve the quality of life of all citizens.
Not sure why a step works? check your working in Super Tutor
LET'S WORK THESE OUT
1Look at data in Tables 1.3 and 1.4. Is Haryana ahead of Kerala in literacy rate etc., as it is in terms of per capita income?Show solution
No, Haryana is not ahead of Kerala in literacy rate and the other social indicators.
- Per capita income: Haryana is higher than Kerala.
- Infant Mortality Rate: Haryana has 28, Kerala has 6; Kerala is better.
- Literacy rate: Haryana has 82%, Kerala has 94%; Kerala is better.
- Net Attendance Ratio: Haryana has 73, Kerala has 94; Kerala is better.
So Haryana is ahead only in income, not in these other indicators.
- Per capita income: Haryana is higher than Kerala.
- Infant Mortality Rate: Haryana has 28, Kerala has 6; Kerala is better.
- Literacy rate: Haryana has 82%, Kerala has 94%; Kerala is better.
- Net Attendance Ratio: Haryana has 73, Kerala has 94; Kerala is better.
So Haryana is ahead only in income, not in these other indicators.
Not sure why a step works? check your working in Super Tutor
2Think of other examples where collective provision of goods and services is cheaper than individual provision.Show solution
Examples where collective provision is cheaper than individual provision:
- Schools for all children in a locality
- Hospitals and healthcare centres
- Public transport
- Water supply and sanitation
- Police and security for an area
- Electricity supply
Providing these collectively saves cost and benefits many people at once.
- Schools for all children in a locality
- Hospitals and healthcare centres
- Public transport
- Water supply and sanitation
- Police and security for an area
- Electricity supply
Providing these collectively saves cost and benefits many people at once.
Not sure why a step works? check your working in Super Tutor
3Does availability of good health and educational facilities depend only on amount of money spent by the government on these facilities? What other factors could be relevant?Show solution
No, good health and educational facilities do not depend only on money spent by the government.
Other important factors are:
- Proper planning and management
- Enough doctors, teachers, and staff
- Fair distribution of facilities between rural and urban areas
- Public participation and social awareness
- Efficient use of funds
- Availability of supporting infrastructure like buildings, transport, electricity, and medicines
So both spending and the way facilities are provided matter.
Other important factors are:
- Proper planning and management
- Enough doctors, teachers, and staff
- Fair distribution of facilities between rural and urban areas
- Public participation and social awareness
- Efficient use of funds
- Availability of supporting infrastructure like buildings, transport, electricity, and medicines
So both spending and the way facilities are provided matter.
Not sure why a step works? check your working in Super Tutor
4In a study, it was found that in Tamil Nadu, 90 per cent of the people living in rural areas used a ration shop, whereas in West Bengal only 35 per cent of rural people did so. Where would people did better off and why?Show solution
People in Tamil Nadu would be better off because 90% of rural people used ration shops, compared with only 35% in West Bengal. This shows that the Public Distribution System was more effective in Tamil Nadu, so more people had access to subsidised food and were likely better nourished.
Not sure why a step works? check your working in Super Tutor
ACTIVITY 2
(a)The literacy rate for all age groups, including young and old, is _____ for rural males and _____ for rural females. However, it is not just that these many adults could not attend school but that there are _____ who are currently not in school.
(b)It is clear from the table that _____ % of rural girls and _____ % of rural boys are not attending school. Therefore, illiteracy among children in the age group 10-14 is as high as _____ % for rural females and _____ % for rural males.
(c)This high level of illiteracy among _____ age group, even after more than 75 years of our independence, is most disturbing. In many other states also we are nowhere near realisation of the constitutional goal of free and compulsory education for all children up to the age of 14, which was expected to be achieved by 1960.
ACTIVITY 3
1One way to find out if we are properly nourished is to calculate what nutrition scientists call Body Mass Index (BMI). This is easy to calculate. Let each student in the class find out his or her weight and height. Take the weight of each student in kilograms (kg). Then, take the height by drawing up a scale on the wall and measuring accurately with the head straight. Convert the height recorded in centimeters into meters. Divide the weight in kg by the square of the height. The number you get is called BMI. Then, look at the BMI-for-Age tables given on pages 90–91. A student's BMI could be within the normal range or less than that (underweight) or more (obesity). For example, if a girl student is 14 years and 8 month old and the BMI is 15.2, then she is undernourished. Similarly, if the BMI of a boy aged 15 years and 6 months is 28, then he is overweight. Discuss the life situation, food and exercise habits of students, in general, without body shaming anyone.
EXERCISES
1Development of a country can generally be determined by
2Which of the following neighbouring countries has better performance in terms of human development than India?
3Assume there are four families in a country. The average per capita income of these families is Rs 5000. If the income of three families is Rs 4000, Rs 7000 and Rs 3000 respectively, what is the income of the fourth family?
4What is the main criterion used by the World Bank in classifying different countries? What are the limitations of this criterion, if any?
5In what respects is the criterion used by the UNDP for measuring development different from the one used by the World Bank?
6Why do we use averages? Are there any limitations to their use? Illustrate with your own examples related to development.
7Kerala, with lower per capita income has a better human development ranking than Haryana. Hence, per capita income is not a useful criterion at all and should not be used to compare states. Do you agree? Discuss.
8Find out the present sources of energy that are used by the people in India. What could be the other possibilities fifty years from now?
9Why is the issue of sustainability important for development?
10"The Earth has enough resources to meet the needs of all but not enough to satisfy the greed of even one person". How is this statement relevant to the discussion of development? Discuss.
11List a few examples of environmental degradation that you may have observed around you.
12For each of the items given in Table 1.6, find out which country is at the top and which is at the bottom.
13The following table shows the proportion of adults (aged 15-49 years) whose BMI is below normal (BMI <18.5 kg/m²) in India. It is based on a survey of various states for the year 2019-21. Look at the table and answer the following questions.
17 more solved questions in Development
Every remaining exercise is solved step by step in Super Tutor, plus practice quizzes and flashcards for this chapter. Free to start.
Stuck on a step?
Ask Super Tutor AI to explain any solution on this page in a simpler way — free, 24x7.
Ask a Doubt FreeFrequently Asked Questions
What are the important topics in Development for Madhya Pradesh Board Class 10 Social Science?
Key topics in Development include Development - Complete Chapter Concept Map, How Development is Measured - From Income to HDI, Sustainability of Development - Resources and Future. These are the concepts Madhya Pradesh Board Class 10 examiners draw on most — study them first, then practise related questions.
How to score full marks in Development — Madhya Pradesh Board Class 10 Social Science?
Understand the core concepts first, then work through the 62 practice questions available for this chapter. Revise formulas and definitions regularly, and use flashcards for quick recall before the exam.
Where can I get free NCERT Solutions for Development Class 10 Social Science?
This page has free step-by-step NCERT Solutions for every exercise question in Development (Madhya Pradesh Board Class 10 Social Science) — written the way examiners award marks: given, formula, working, answer.
Sources & Official References
Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.
More resources for Development
Practice Quiz
Test yourself with a quick quiz
Important Questions
Practice with board exam-style questions
Revision Notes
Key points for last-minute revision
Formula Sheet
All formulas in one place
Chapter Summary
Understand the chapter at a glance
Concept Maps
See how topics connect visually
Study Plan
Step-by-step plan to ace this chapter
Flashcards
Quick-fire cards for active recall
Syllabus
What topics to cover
For serious students
Get the full Development chapter — for free.
Quizzes, flashcards, AI doubt-solver and a step-by-step study plan for Madhya Pradesh Board Class 10 Social Science.