Memory

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Memory is a perceptually active mental system that receives, encodes, modifies, and retrieves information. It helps store the outcomes of learning so they can be used later when needed.

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Retention is the specific process of storing information. It means keeping learned material in memory so that it can be recalled or recognized later.

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Learning is the acquisition of new behaviours through experience, while memory is the storage of the outcomes of learning. Learning happens first, and memory keeps what is learned for later use.

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Memory cannot be directly observed. It is studied indirectly by measuring retention, such as through recognition, recall, and relearning.

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Recognition is identifying something as familiar when it is seen again, such as recognizing a familiar face. It is easier than recall because recognition gives a cue to match stored memory, while reca…

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Recall is retrieving information using a general stimulus without a direct cue. Answering an essay question in an exam is a good example of recall.

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Relearning means learning material for a second time. It usually takes less time than original learning, and the time saved shows that some memory was retained even if it could not be recalled conscio…

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The three major memory systems are sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory. Information moves through these stages only when attention is given to it.