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Heat Transfer and Solar Energy — Syllabus

NIOS · Class 12 · Physics

What Heat Transfer and Solar Energy covers in NIOS Class 12 Physics: 3 topics, for the 2026-27 session. Part of the NIOS Class 12 Physics syllabus.

45 questions34 flashcards17 formulas & key relations5 concepts

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A diagram illustrating heat transfer through conduction in a solid material, showing molecular vibrations transferring energy along the material.
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3 Topics · NIOS Class 12 Physics · 2026-27

Topics in Heat Transfer and Solar Energy

1

Processes of Heat Transfer

  • There are THREE modes of heat transfer: Conduction, Convection, and Radiation.
  • CONDUCTION: Heat transfer through molecular vibrations without actual movement of molecules. Most effective in solids (especially metals).
  • CONVECTION: Heat transfer by actual bodily movement of fluid molecules. Occurs in liquids and gases.
2

Radiation Laws

  • All bodies above 0 K emit electromagnetic radiation continuously. The nature of this radiation depends on temperature.
  • At ~525°C, a heated wire starts glowing with dull red light; colour changes to orange, yellow, and finally white as temperature increases.
  • Higher temperature → peak emission at shorter wavelengths (shift towards visible/UV from infrared).
3

Solar Energy, Greenhouse Effect and Newton's Law of Cooling

  • SOLAR CONSTANT: The energy received per unit area per second on Earth from the Sun = 1.36 × 10³ Wm⁻² (= 1360 Wm⁻²).
  • Total solar energy received by Earth per second: Q = 2πRₑ²C ≈ 3.5 × 10¹⁷ W (only illuminated half is counted).
  • Solar constant for another planet at orbital distance R' from Sun: E'/E = (R/R')² where R = Earth's orbital radius.

Key Concepts

Central concept: Heat Transfer and Solar Energy

ConductionConvectionRadiationWien's Displacement LawStefan-Boltzmann LawBlack BodySolar EnergyGreenhouse Effect

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Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in Heat Transfer and Solar Energy for NIOS Class 12 Physics?
Key topics in Heat Transfer and Solar Energy include Processes of Heat Transfer, Radiation Laws, Solar Energy, Greenhouse Effect and Newton's Law of Cooling. Study these first, then practise questions on each for the NIOS Class 12 board exam.
How should I revise Heat Transfer and Solar Energy for the NIOS Class 12 board exam?
Learn the core ideas first, then work through the 45 practice questions on Heat Transfer and Solar Energy. Revise definitions regularly and use flashcards for quick recall before the exam.

Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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