Occurance and Extraction of Metals
Telangana Open School (TOSS) · Class 12 · Chemistry
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What is the difference between a mineral and an ore?
Answer
A mineral is a naturally occurring substance in which a metal or its compound exists. An ore is a mineral from which a metal can be extracted economically. All ores are minerals, but not all minerals …
Why do noble metals like gold and silver occur in the native state?
Answer
Noble metals have low reactivity and show little affinity for air, moisture, CO₂, or other non-metals. Hence, they remain in the elemental or free state in nature.
Name two metals that occur in nature as sulphides and two as oxides.
Answer
Sulphides: Zinc (ZnS), Lead (PbS). Oxides: Iron (Fe₂O₃), Aluminium (Al₂O₃·2H₂O).
What is gangue?
Answer
Gangue refers to the unwanted rocky or earthy impurities like sand, clay, or limestone present in an ore.
Explain gravity separation with an example.
Answer
Gravity separation uses water to wash away lighter gangue from heavier ore particles. It is used for oxide ores like haematite (Fe₂O₃) and tinstone (SnO₂), which are denser than impurities.
How is magnetic separation used in ore concentration?
Answer
Magnetic separation separates magnetic components from non-magnetic ones. For example, tinstone (SnO₂) is non-magnetic but contains magnetic impurities like FeWO₄, which are removed using a magnet.
Why is froth floatation used for sulphide ores?
Answer
Sulphide ore particles are preferentially wetted by oil, while gangue particles are wetted by water. When air is blown, froth forms and carries the ore particles up, leaving gangue behind.
Write the chemical reaction for leaching of bauxite ore.
Answer
Al₂O₃ + 6NaOH → 2Na₃AlO₃ + 3H₂O. Aluminium oxide dissolves in NaOH, while impurities like Fe₂O₃ and SiO₂ remain insoluble and are filtered out.
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