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Rocks

ICSE · Class 11 · Geography

Complete topic list for Rocks in ICSE Class 11 Geography. Key concepts, sub-topics, and what to focus on for board exams.

5 concepts

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4 Topics · ICSE Class 11 Geography

Topics in Rocks

1

Introduction to Minerals and Rock Composition

  • The Lithosphere is the outer crust of the Earth — 'the sphere of rock'.
  • 95% of earth materials down to 16 km depth consist of rocks.
  • There are about 2,000 different minerals on Earth, but only 12 are common — called rock-formers.
2

Igneous Rocks

  • The word 'igneous' comes from the Latin word 'ignis' meaning FIRE.
  • Formed by solidification of molten magma/lava.
  • Also called 'Parent Rocks' or 'Primary Rocks' because all other rocks are derived from them.
3

Sedimentary Rocks

  • Cover three-fourths of the Earth's surface but make up only about 5% of the volume of the Earth's crust.
  • Formed from materials deposited by agents of denudation: rivers, wind, glaciers, and sea waves.
  • Deposited in layers (strata) — hence also called 'stratified rocks'.
4

Metamorphic Rocks

  • The word 'metamorphic' comes from Greek: 'Meta' (change) + 'Morphic' (form) = 'change of form'.
  • Formed when the original character (colour, hardness, texture, mineral composition) of igneous or sedimentary rocks is partly or wholly changed under heat and pressure.
  • CLASSIFICATION BY AGENCY: (a) Dynamic Metamorphism — caused by PRESSURE; granite → gneiss; clay/shale → schist; (b) Thermal/Contact Metamorphism — caused by HIGH TEMPERATURE; sandstone → quartzite; cl

Key Concepts

The lithosphere is Earth's outermost solidMinerals are naturally occurring chemical substancesA rock is defined asIgneous rocks form from the solidificationSedimentary rocks form from the deposition

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in Rocks for ICSE Class 11 Geography?
Rocks covers several key topics that are frequently asked in ICSE Class 11 board exams. Focus on the core concepts listed on this page and practise related questions to build confidence.
How to score full marks in Rocks — ICSE Class 11 Geography?
Start by understanding all key concepts. Practise previous year questions from this chapter. Revise formulas and definitions regularly. Use flashcards for quick revision before the exam.

Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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