Colloids
Telangana Open School (TOSS) · Class 12 · Chemistry
Complete topic list for Colloids in Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Chemistry. Key concepts, sub-topics, and what to focus on for board exams.
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Topics in Colloids
10.1: True Solution, Colloid, and Suspension
- True solutions have particles smaller than 1 nm, colloids have particles between 1–100 nm, and suspensions have particles larger than 100 nm.
- Colloids appear homogeneous but are actually heterogeneous.
- Colloidal particles do not settle on standing and scatter light (Tyndall effect), unlike suspensions.
10.2: Phases of Colloids
- Every colloid has two phases: dispersed phase and dispersion medium.
- Dispersed phase is the substance present in small amount (colloidal size particles).
- Dispersion medium is the substance in which the dispersed phase is spread.
10.3: Classification of Colloids
- Colloids are classified based on interaction (lyophilic/lyophobic) and molecular size (macromolecular, multimolecular, associated).
- Lyophilic colloids have strong affinity for the medium; lyophobic do not.
- Macromolecular colloids have large molecules (e.g., starch), multimolecular are aggregates (e.g., sulphur sol), and associated form micelles (e.g., soap).
10.4: Preparation of Colloids
- Lyophilic colloids form directly by mixing (e.g., starch in hot water).
- Lyophobic colloids require special methods: physical (Bredig’s arc) or chemical (reactions like H₂S + Br₂ → S).
- Peptisation converts precipitates into colloids using electrolytes (e.g., FeCl₃ with Fe(OH)₃).
Key Concepts
Central concept: Colloids
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