Drugs and Medicines
Telangana Open School (TOSS) · Class 12 · Chemistry
Complete topic list for Drugs and Medicines in Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Chemistry. Key concepts, sub-topics, and what to focus on for board exams.
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Topics in Drugs and Medicines
1. Drugs and Medicines: Definition and Difference
- Medicines are substances used to treat or prevent diseases and are scientifically tested and approved by authorities like the Drug Controller of India.
- Drugs are chemical substances that can be used medicinally but also include habit-forming substances like morphine, heroin, and cocaine.
- All medicines are drugs, but not all drugs are medicines.
2. Classification of Medicines and Their Actions
- Medicines are classified based on their action or use.
- Important classes include antipyretics, analgesics, antiseptics, disinfectants, antacids, antibiotics, antimalarials, tranquilizers, and contraceptives.
- Each class has specific examples and mechanisms of action.
3. Important Chemicals and Their Uses
- Aspirin (acetyl salicylic acid) is prepared from salicylic acid and acetic anhydride.
- Paracetamol is synthesized from p-aminophenol and acetic anhydride.
- Phenol is antiseptic at 0.2% but disinfectant at 1% or higher.
4. Hazards and Alternative Systems
- Self-medication is dangerous — can lead to overdose, underdose, or drug resistance.
- Over-the-counter (OTC) medicines (e.g., crocin, aspirin) don’t need prescriptions.
- Scheduled drugs (e.g., morphine) require prescriptions due to addiction risk.
Key Concepts
Central concept: Drugs and Medicines
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