Solutions
Telangana Open School (TOSS) · Class 12 · Chemistry
Complete topic list for Solutions in Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Chemistry. Key concepts, sub-topics, and what to focus on for board exams.
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Topics in Solutions
Components of a Solution
- A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances.
- Solute is the component that dissolves in the solvent.
- Solvent is the component in which the solute dissolves and has the same physical state as the solution.
Concentration of Solutions
- Different ways to express concentration: molarity, molality, normality, mole fraction, and mass percentage.
- Molarity depends on volume and changes with temperature.
- Molality is based on mass and does not change with temperature.
Types of Solutions and Henry's Law
- Nine possible combinations of solute and solvent states exist, but common ones are solid in liquid, gas in liquid, and liquid in liquid.
- Gases dissolve in liquids; solubility increases with pressure and decreases with temperature.
- Henry’s Law: the solubility of a gas is directly proportional to its partial pressure.
Vapour Pressure and Raoult's Law
- Vapour pressure is the pressure exerted by vapours in equilibrium with the liquid.
- Raoult’s Law: partial vapour pressure of each component is proportional to its mole fraction.
- For non-volatile solutes, vapour pressure of solution is less than pure solvent.
Key Concepts
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