Petrochemicals
Telangana Open School (TOSS) · Class 12 · Chemistry
Complete topic list for Petrochemicals in Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Chemistry. Key concepts, sub-topics, and what to focus on for board exams.
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Topics in Petrochemicals
What Are Petrochemicals?
- Petrochemicals are chemicals obtained directly or indirectly from petroleum or natural gas.
- They are not used as fuels but as raw materials for manufacturing various useful products.
- Examples: methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, acetic acid, benzene, vinyl chloride, etc.
Classification of Petrochemicals
- Feedstock: Starting material for petrochemical production — natural gas or naphtha.
- Primary petrochemicals: Directly obtained from feedstock — e.g., ethene, propene, benzene.
- Intermediate (secondary) petrochemicals: Made from primary ones — e.g., ethanol from ethene.
Petrochemicals from Methane
- Methane (CH₄) is the main component of natural gas.
- Used to produce chlorinated compounds, hydrogen, carbon black, and methanol.
- Chlorination gives CH₃Cl, CH₂Cl₂, CHCl₃, CCl₄ — used as solvents.
Petrochemicals from Ethylene and Propylene
- Ethylene (ethene) is highly reactive due to double bond and forms many derivatives.
- Ethanol: made by hydration of ethene — used as solvent and in acetic acid production.
- Ethylene oxide: made by oxidation — precursor to ethylene glycol.
Key Concepts
Central concept: Petrochemicals
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