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Chemical Arithmetics — Syllabus

Telangana Open School (TOSS) · Class 12 · Chemistry

What Chemical Arithmetics covers in Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Chemistry: 4 topics, for the 2026-27 session.

53 questions30 flashcards8 formulas & key relations4 concepts

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4 Topics · Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Chemistry · 2026-27

Topics in Chemical Arithmetics

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1. Molecular and Empirical Formulae

  • Molecular formula shows the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule.
  • Empirical formula gives the simplest whole-number ratio of atoms in a compound.
  • For some compounds like glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆), the molecular formula is a multiple of the empirical formula (CH₂O).
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2. Percentage Composition and Empirical Formula

  • Percentage composition tells the mass percent of each element in a compound.
  • It is calculated using the molar mass of the compound and the total mass of each element in one mole.
  • To find empirical formula from percentage data: convert % to grams → grams to moles → divide by smallest mole value → get simplest ratio.
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3. Stoichiometry and Chemical Equations

  • A balanced chemical equation shows the exact mole ratios of reactants and products.
  • Stoichiometry uses these ratios to calculate masses, volumes, and number of particles involved.
  • Information from equations can be expressed in atoms, moles, mass, or volume (for gases at STP).
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4. Limiting Reagent and Reaction Yield

  • The limiting reagent is the reactant that is completely consumed and determines the maximum amount of product formed.
  • Other reactants are in excess and remain after the reaction.
  • To identify the limiting reagent: calculate how much product each reactant can form — the one giving the least product is limiting.

Key Concepts

Central concept: Stoichiometry

Mole ConceptEmpirical and Molecular FormulaePercentage CompositionChemical EquationsReaction StoichiometryLimiting Reagent

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Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in Chemical Arithmetics for Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Chemistry?
Key topics in Chemical Arithmetics include Molecular and Empirical Formulae, Percentage Composition and Empirical Formula, Stoichiometry and Chemical Equations, Limiting Reagent and Reaction Yield. Study these first, then practise questions on each for the Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 board exam.
How should I revise Chemical Arithmetics for the Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 board exam?
Learn the core ideas first, then work through the 53 practice questions on Chemical Arithmetics. Revise definitions regularly and use flashcards for quick recall before the exam.

Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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All Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Chemistry Syllabus

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