Chemical Bonding — Chapter Summary

Atoms tend to attain 8 electrons

Atoms tend to attain 8 electrons in the outermost shell, like noble gases. Helium is an exception because it is stable with 2 electrons in its outermo

An ionic or electrovalent bond

An ionic or electrovalent bond is formed when an electron is transferred from a metal to a non-metal. The metal forms a positive ion called a cation,

Sodium has electronic configuration 2

Sodium has electronic configuration 2,8,1 and loses one electron to form Na+. Chlorine has electronic configuration 2,8,7 and gains one electron to fo

In solid sodium chloride

In solid sodium chloride, each Na+ ion is surrounded by six Cl- ions and each Cl- ion is surrounded by six Na+ ions. The strong attraction acts in all

Ionic compounds are crystalline

Ionic compounds are crystalline, hard, and brittle solids. They have high melting and boiling points. They conduct electricity in molten state and in