Chemical Bonding

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Atoms combine to attain a stable noble gas configuration. Most atoms try to complete 8 electrons in the outermost shell, called the octet rule. Helium is the exception because it is stable with 2 elec…

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The octet rule states that atoms tend to attain 8 electrons in their outermost shell to become stable. This is the basic reason behind many chemical bonds.

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Noble gases are non-reactive because they already have a stable electronic configuration. Except helium, all noble gases have 8 electrons in the outermost shell.

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Sodium atom has electronic configuration 2,8,1. When it loses one electron, it becomes sodium ion Na+ with 11 protons and 10 electrons. This gives it a stable outer shell.

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A cation is a positively charged ion. Sodium ion Na+ is a cation because sodium loses one electron and becomes positively charged.

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An anion is a negatively charged ion. Chloride ion Cl- is an anion because chlorine gains one electron and becomes negatively charged.

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An ionic bond is formed by transfer of electron from a metal to a non-metal. The positive and negative ions are then held together by electrostatic force of attraction.

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2Na(s) + Cl2(g) → 2NaCl(s). Sodium and chlorine react to form sodium chloride.