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Syllabus

Pollution — Syllabus

Telangana Open School (TOSS) · Class 12 · Biology

What Pollution covers in Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Biology: 4 topics, for the 2026-27 session. Topics include Definition and Types.

54 questions30 flashcards5 concepts

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4 Topics · Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Biology · 2026-27

Topics in Pollution

1

Definition and Types of Pollution

  • Pollution is the addition of unwanted or harmful substances into the environment that adversely affect living beings and ecosystems.
  • Pollutants are the agents that cause pollution. They can be chemical, physical, or biological in nature.
  • Main types of pollution: Air, Water, Soil, Noise, and Radiation pollution.
2

Air Pollution

  • Air pollution is the contamination of air by harmful gases, particulate matter, and biological molecules.
  • Major sources: vehicles, industries, power plants, burning of fossil fuels, firewood, and crop residues.
  • Primary pollutants: CO, CO₂, SO₂, NO₂, PM (Particulate Matter), VOCs.
3

Water Pollution

  • Water pollution occurs when harmful substances contaminate water bodies, making water unfit for use.
  • Sources: domestic sewage, industrial effluents, agricultural runoff (fertilizers, pesticides), plastic waste.
  • Key pollutants: organic waste, heavy metals (lead, mercury), pathogens, oils, plastics, heated effluents.
4

Soil Pollution

  • Soil pollution is the degradation of soil quality due to harmful chemicals or waste.
  • Sources: agricultural chemicals (fertilizers, pesticides), industrial waste, plastic waste, improper waste disposal.
  • Effects: reduced soil fertility, decreased crop yield, contamination of food chain, harm to soil organisms.

Key Concepts

Central concept: Pollution

Definition of PollutionTypes of PollutionPollutantsAir PollutionWater PollutionSoil PollutionNoise PollutionPlastic Pollution

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Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in Pollution for Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Biology?
Key topics in Pollution include Definition and Types of Pollution, Air Pollution, Water Pollution, Soil Pollution. Study these first, then practise questions on each for the Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 board exam.
How should I revise Pollution for the Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 board exam?
Learn the core ideas first, then work through the 54 practice questions on Pollution. Revise definitions regularly and use flashcards for quick recall before the exam.

Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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All Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Biology Syllabus

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