Crop Improvement / Plant Breeding
Telangana Open School (TOSS) · Class 12 · Biology
Complete topic list for Crop Improvement / Plant Breeding in Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Biology. Key concepts, sub-topics, and what to focus on for board exams.
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Topics in Crop Improvement / Plant Breeding
Objectives of Plant Breeding
- To develop crop varieties with desirable traits such as high yield, good quality, disease resistance, and drought tolerance.
- To create useful genetic variations through recombination of characters.
- To exploit hybrid vigour (heterosis) in crop plants.
Methods of Plant Breeding
- There are five main methods: Introduction, Selection, Hybridization, Mutation Breeding, and Polyploidy Breeding.
- Each method is chosen based on the plant's reproductive system and desired outcome.
Selection Methods
- Selection is the oldest method of plant breeding.
- Three types: Mass Selection, Pure Line Selection, and Clonal Selection.
- Mass selection is used for cross-pollinated crops; pure line for self-pollinated; clonal for vegetatively propagated plants.
Hybridization
- Involves crossing two genetically different parents to produce superior offspring.
- Steps: Selection of parents, emasculation, bagging, artificial pollination.
- Results in hybrid vigour or heterosis — F₁ hybrids outperform parents.
Key Concepts
Central concept: Plant Breeding
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