The Kingdom Monera, Protista and Fungi — Syllabus
Telangana Open School (TOSS) · Class 12 · Biology
What The Kingdom Monera, Protista and Fungi covers in Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Biology: 3 topics, for the 2026-27 session.
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Topics in The Kingdom Monera, Protista and Fungi
Kingdom Monera
- Kingdom Monera includes prokaryotic, unicellular organisms such as bacteria and cyanobacteria.
- It is the only prokaryotic kingdom and considered the most primitive.
- Main groups: Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Mycoplasma, and Actinomycetes.
Kingdom Protista
- Protista are unicellular eukaryotes with membrane-bound organelles.
- Includes protozoa, diatoms, and some algae like Chlorella and Ectocarpus.
- May possess cilia, flagella, or pseudopodia for movement.
Kingdom Fungi
- Fungi are eukaryotic, achlorophyllous (lack chlorophyll), spore-bearing, heterotrophic organisms.
- Cell wall made of chitin (not cellulose like plants).
- Body composed of hyphae forming a network called mycelium.
Key Concepts
Central concept: Microbial Kingdoms: Monera, Protista, and Fungi
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Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.
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